Glomerulonephritis: What It Is, Causes, and Symptoms Explained

Glomerulonephritis is a type of kidney inflammation that affects the tiny filters in your kidneys, called glomeruli. These filters help remove waste and extra fluid from your blood. When they become inflamed, it can lead to kidney problems. This condition is also known as glomerular disease or renal inflammation. In the United States, glomerulonephritis is a common cause of kidney disease. Early detection is important for better health outcomes.

What is Glomerulonephritis?

Glomerulonephritis is a condition where the glomeruli in your kidneys become swollen or damaged. Because of this, your kidneys may not work as well as they should. This can lead to waste and fluid building up in your body. Sometimes, the condition develops quickly. Other times, it happens slowly over many years.

The glomeruli are tiny blood vessels in your kidneys.

They filter waste and extra water from your blood.

When inflamed, they cannot filter properly.

This can cause swelling, blood in urine, or high blood pressure.

Although glomerulonephritis can affect anyone, it is more common in adults. However, children can also develop this kidney disease.

Causes of Glomerulonephritis

There are several reasons why glomerulonephritis may occur. Sometimes, the cause is an infection. Other times, it is linked to your immune system or other health problems. Knowing the cause can help doctors choose the best treatment.

Infections: For example, strep throat or hepatitis can trigger kidney inflammation.

Immune system problems: Conditions like lupus or IgA nephropathy can cause your body to attack its own kidneys.

Vasculitis: This is swelling of blood vessels, which can affect the kidneys.

High blood pressure: Over time, this can damage the glomeruli.

Diabetes: Long-term high blood sugar can harm your kidneys.

Genetic factors: Some people inherit a higher risk for glomerular disease.

Unknown causes: In some cases, doctors cannot find a clear reason.

Because many different factors can cause glomerulonephritis, it is important to talk to a doctor if you have any risk factors or symptoms.

Symptoms of Glomerulonephritis

Glomerulonephritis symptoms can be mild or severe. Sometimes, people do not notice any signs at first. However, as the condition gets worse, symptoms may appear. Early treatment can help prevent kidney damage.

Swelling in your face, hands, feet, or belly

Blood in your urine (it may look pink or brown)

Foamy urine (a sign of protein loss)

High blood pressure

Feeling tired or weak

Less urine than usual

Nausea or loss of appetite

If you notice any of these symptoms, it is important to seek medical advice. Early diagnosis can help protect your kidneys and overall health.

If you notice any symptoms of glomerulonephritis, consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice. Early care can make a big difference in your kidney health.